The Supreme Court’s decision in Fulton v. Philadelphia will tell us more about how, and at what speed, Trump’s appointments to that court are reshaping First Amendment doctrine and whether our half-century old civil rights framework remains effective even as the Equality Act proposes to update and expand its coverage. This panel will discuss the implications of the Court’s Fulton decision(s) for government contracting with faith-based social service agencies and other enforcement of nondiscrimination rules as against free exercise objections. It also will address recent lower federal court decisions in First Amendment cases, and their implications for both federal and state legislative efforts to expand religious exemptions from civil rights and other public welfare laws.